The current research was conducted with the aim of the effect of style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment style on emotion regulation with the mediating role of identity style. The research method was descriptive and structural equation analysis. The statistical population of the research was all second year high school students of Kashan city in the academic year of 1400-1401, of which 500 people were selected by random cluster method. Data were collected based on three questionnaires: Gross & Jan (2003) Emotional Regulation Inventory, Identity style Scale (6G-ISI) and Collins and Reid (1990) style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment style Questionnaire. The data are obtained by structural equation modeling and using Laserl 8.8 and 26 spss software. analyzed. Based on the results, secure style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment style at a significance level of 0.01, avoidant style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment style at a significance level of 0.05, and style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">Ambivalent style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment style at a significance level of 0.01 directly predicted emotion regulation. Among the three style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachments, secure style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment style predicted emotion regulation at a significant level of 0.01, with the mediation of identity styles. Informational identity style at a significance level of 0.01, confused identity style at a significance level of 0.05 directly predicted emotion regulation. Among the three style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachments, only the secure style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment style at a significance level of 0.01 had a significant role in predicting the normative identity style. According to the results of this study, emotion regulation is one of the most important constructs of educational psychology and an important factor in determining mental health and successful performance. It is in education that the factors affecting emotion regulation and its antecedents should be identified. Planning for training and holding educational workshops in this field in schools is suggested for students.

Introduction: Parents' style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment styles have many effects on children's style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment styles. The present study was conducted with the aim of explaining the role of the inhibitory and facilitating factors in parents' insecure, avoidant and style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">Ambivalent style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment styles on the choice of children's style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment style. Research Methods: This study was a qualitative research with a theoretical approach. The statistical population of the Research included all people aged 25 to 40 who referred to the Atiyeh Clinic in Tehran in 1400, from which 60 people were selected, and then 25 people who had the conditions to enter the research were purposefully selected as a sample. The data were collected simultaneously and analyzed using grounded theory coding method (open, axial and selective). Findings: The results showed that the influencing factors including 38 primary classes, 4 main classes and one central class were extracted in the process of explaining the style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment styles of parents in determining the style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment style of children. The 4 main floors included the sliding bed of security, striving for the integration of body and soul from the path of power, the maze of the path, and the umbrella of support. Conclusion: In order to pay attention to the choice of children's style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment style in a family with two insecure parents, attention should be paid to the components of the sliding bed of security, striving for the integration of body and mind from the path of strength, the twists and turns of the path, and the umbrella of support.

Introduction: One of the most important factors affecting the quality and stability of a couple's relationship is sexual satisfaction. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Lazarus Multimodal Therapy on cognitive dissonance and sexual satisfaction in women with style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">Ambivalent style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment style. Materials and Methods: The research was quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design and a control group. The statistical population included all married women admitted to the Marital Medicine Center of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran in 2020. By available sampling, 30 people were selected and divided into experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. Samples were screened using the style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment style Questionnaire (Hazan and Shaver, 1987). Cognitive dissonance questionnaire (Harmon-Jones et al., 2008), sexual satisfaction questionnaire (Larson et al., 1998) were used to examine the effectiveness of the therapy in pre-test and post-test. In the experimental group, Multimodal Therapy was performed in 8 sessions (1 session per week lasting 90 minutes). At the end of the training, a post-test was taken from the groups. Data were analyzed using a t-test (independent and paired) and multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of cognitive dissonance, sexual satisfaction, and their components in women, in the pre-test and the post-test (p<0. 05). Moreover, Lazarus Multimodal Therapy reduced cognitive dissonance and increased sexual satisfaction in the subjects of the experimental group (p<0. 05). Conclusion: Lazarus multimodal therapy can affect psychological constructs such as cognitive dissonance and sexual satisfaction of women with style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">Ambivalent style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment style. It is recommended that more research be done to increase external credibility.

Background & Aims: Self-injurious behaviors as a part of rebellion in adolescence can affect mental disorders in adulthood and cause significant clinical distress, interpersonal and academic dysfunction (1). Studies have shown that 87% of teenagers involved in self-injurious behaviors had a psychiatric disorder (2). Most teenagers have not disclosed their self-injurious behavior due to fear of negative reactions from others (3). According to the conducted researches, insecure style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment is mentioned as one of the underlying factors of self-injurious behaviors, so that 52% of patients with insecure style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment style were more exposed to self-injurious behaviors, which causes helplessness and inability to solve interpersonal conflicts (9). Research results indicate a positive relationship between style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">Ambivalent and avoidant style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment styles and self-injurious behaviors (10, 11). People with an insecure style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment style who suffer from self-criticism are prone to more damage when participating in social networks because they constantly compare themselves with others, and this comparison increases their insecurity and has a negative effect on their mental health (12). Among the therapeutic methods that deal with disturbing childhood experiences and transformational roots in a wide and wide way, we can mention schema therapy (17). By targeting underlying problems and awareness of emotional needs, schema therapy tries to learn healthy solutions and adapt to them through emotional, cognitive and behavioral techniques. Schemotherapy can correct the negative representations of the person's past towards important people in current relationships through open-ended parenting and empathic confrontation (18). Also, when patients show self-injurious behaviors, dialectical behavior therapy skills can be used (19). Dialectical behavior therapy is an evidence-based treatment method that has a significant effect in reducing self-injurious behaviors, and this is done by facilitating the acceptance of emotional responses, which is a useful therapeutic goal in reducing self-injurious behaviors (20). Due to the 10% prevalence of self-harm behaviors in the world population, it has been neglected and marginalized. No treatment has been found to be clearly superior to other treatments in reducing self-injurious behaviors, and more research is needed in this field. Therefore, the current research seeks to answer this question, is the combination of dialectical behavior therapy and schema therapy effective on self-injurious and style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment behaviors? Methods: This research was conducted using a single-case experimental design based on a multiple baseline design using a stair-step method in Tehran. Three participants were selected by purposeful sampling and based on the entry criteria. Then, in three baseline stages, five intervention stages and three follow-up periods, they filled in Collins and Reed's style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment style questionnaire, Young schema therapy and Sanson's list of self-injurious behaviors and received individual therapy during 28 sessions. Data analysis was done using the visual analysis method, and in order to determine the clinical significance, the percentage of recovery and the effect size were used. Results: The results showed that the combined treatment of dialectical behavior therapy and schema therapy was effective in increasing secure style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment, reducing avoidant and style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">Ambivalent style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment, and reducing self-injurious behaviors. The total recovery rate of the subjects in secure style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment was between 25% and 49% and in the reduction of self-injurious behaviors, it was more than 50%. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the combined treatment of dialectical behavior therapy and schema therapy was effective in increasing secure style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment, reducing avoidant and style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">Ambivalent style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment. The results are consistent with the researches of Faskhudi et al. (2016), Alizadeh et al. (2014) and Tabbakuchian et al. (2016). In the explanation of the present research, it can be said that schema therapy leads to a feeling of safety in the person, that the person shows a safer style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment style in his relationships and feels that there is someone who understands his feelings, pays attention to him and is available. Yes, there is a safe support and he can easily tell his needs and express himself without anxiety (31). In addition to this, dialectical behavior in all stages tries to show the different poles of an action to people and clients, how an emotion, thought or behavior can lead to the improvement of a process or its destruction. Other findings of the research indicate a decrease in avoidant style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment of clients. dialectical behavior therapy,Naming examines emotion recognition and conscious attention to emotions without judgment and is the goal of treatment,Therefore, it seems that the effective treatment process in the first and second references was done in this way. Other findings of the research showed that the style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">Ambivalent style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment style had little improvement in the first clients and treatment failure in the second and third clients. From the research inconsistent with the present research regarding the effectiveness of schema therapy on reducing the style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">Ambivalent style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment style, we can refer to the research of Danai Sage (34) and Uraki (35) and in line with the current research regarding the ineffectiveness of schema therapy on reducing the style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">Ambivalent style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment style, we can refer to Amani's research pointed out (36). In schema therapy, by using open and borderline parenting techniques, an attempt has been made to change insecure style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment to secure style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment and adjust incompatible schemas, and it seems that the treatment effect in the first subject was done in this way. The results showed that the combined treatment of dialectical behavior therapy and schema therapy was effective in reducing self-injurious behaviors. The results are consistent with the research of Paclio et al. (37) and Mok (38). Hilden et al. (39). Dialectical behavior therapy is based on biosocial theory, which considers the inability to regulate emotions as an effective factor in self-injurious behaviors, which, by eliminating self-injurious behaviors, training more adaptive coping skills, helps to reduce emotional dysregulation and self-injurious behaviors in people. In addition, schema therapy has been used to resolve childhood traumatic events through cognitive and experimental techniques. Because in skematherapy, with the aim of establishing underlying problems and awareness of emotional needs, it provides the patient with healthier and more adaptive solutions through borderline and empathetic coping techniques and leads to the reduction of self-injurious behaviors. In the current research, it is necessary to point out limitations such as: the spread of the corona disease, the lack of necessary therapeutic communication when performing experimental techniques due to the use of masks, due to compliance with the health protocol. It can be concluded that the combined treatment of dialectical behavior therapy and schema therapy has been effective in increasing secure style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment, reducing avoidant and style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">Ambivalent style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment, and reducing self-injurious behaviors. Therefore, it is suggested that the current research be used in the preventive educational format for teenagers in order to improve interpersonal relationships and increase social security and promote mental health.

Background: style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment styles and mentalizing are among the psychological factors that are related to emotion regulation skills, the use of mentalizing ability is related to the ability of the ego in people. Therefore, investigating the path of mentalizing evolution through style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment styles to ego empowerment is a basic necessity. Aims: The purpose of this study was to predict mentalizing based on style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment styles with the mediating role of ego empowerment in students. Methods: The research method is descriptive-correlational, which was done using structural equation modeling. The study population includes all students of the Faculty of Humanities of the Islamic Azad University of Qom Branch in 2023-2024. The sample consisted of 335 students of Islamic Azad University, Qom Branch, who were selected by convenience sampling method and answered the Reflective Performance Questionnaire (Fonagy et al., 2016), Adult style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment styles Questionnaire (Collins & Reed, 1990), and Ego Empowerment Scale (Markstrom et al., 1997). To analyze the data, structural equation modeling was used using SPSS version 19 and Amos software version 24. Results: The results of structural equation modeling showed that secure style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment style, avoidant style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment, style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">Ambivalent style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment, and ego empowerment had a direct and significant causal effect on confidence and uncertainty (P< 0. 05). Also, style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">Ambivalent style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment style, secure style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment style, and avoidant style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment style had a direct and significant causal effect on ego empowerment (P< 0. 05). The results also showed that 60% of the variance of ego empowerment is explained by style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment styles, 23% of the variance of confidence, and 46% of the variance of uncertainty is explained by style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment styles and ego empowerment. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that secure style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment style, avoidant style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment, style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">Ambivalent style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment, and ego empowerment as factors affecting mentalizing can lead us to a deeper understanding of mentalizing, and by teaching students the formation of different style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment styles and ego structure, mentalizing can be strengthened in them.

Introduction: The sleep quality and duration are important factors influencing physical and mental health. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between insecure style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment styles and sleep problems considering the mediating role of depression and anxiety. Method: The present study was conducted with a correlational method. The study population of was female students in the second course of 11th grade in different fields of study of Tabriz city (N=9426). The sample size was 373 according to Morgan table. They were assessed by Petersburg Sleep Quality Questionnaire (PSQI), Hazen & Shaver Adult style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics methods (Structural Equation Modeling: SEM). Results: The effects of avoidant and style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">Ambivalent style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment styles on depression, anxiety, and sleep problems were significant (beta coefficients were above 0. 30). The indirect effects of avoidant and style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">Ambivalent style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment styles on sleep problems through depression and anxiety were significant (beta coefficients above 0. 15). Conclusion: Results demonstrated that there were significant relationships between avoidant, style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">Ambivalent insecure style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment styles and depression as well as anxiety. There was a significant relationship between depression, anxiety and sleep problems. Hence, depression and anxiety could mediate the relationship between avoidant, style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">Ambivalent insecure style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment styles and sleep problems.

Introduction: style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment theory not only focuses on child development but also it involves development through life span. This study has compared the style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment styles of mothers who had abortion (Induced or spontaneous) and mothers who did not have a history of abortion.Materials & Methods: 86 mothers who had a history of abortion (42 mothers with induced and 44 with spontaneous abortions) and 45 mothers who had no histories of abortion were selected.All the subjects were asked to fill a researcher devised and the Adult style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment style (AAS) questionnaires (Hazan & Shaver, 1987). The data were analyzed by SPSS software. Statistical methods such as descriptive analysis, chi-squared, one-way, and two-way ANOVAs were employed and level of significance was regarded as p<0.05.Results: The findings indicated a significant association between maternal style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment styles and abortion, denoting that mothers with induced abortion had more insecure style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment styles than those who did not have abortion and showed secure style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment styles. The results of variance analyses showed that the scores of secure and insecure style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment styles had significant differences among the three groups of mothers. AAS also showed significant differences in different style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment style scores. Secure style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment style in mothers with no histories of abortion, those with spontaneous abortions and mothers with histories of induced abortions had the highest means.Conclusion: style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment styles influence individuals’ attitude towards relationship and control of close relationships (Through positive or negative representation of self and others and positive or negative characteristics of relationships). On the other hand, style="font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">attachment styles bet-ween mother and fetus have an impact pact on mothers attitude toward parenting and their relationship with the child.